Diabetes mellitus type 1

World Health Organization (WHO) recognizes three forms of diabetes mellitus, ie type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes (occurring during pregnancy)

Diabetes mellitus type 1

Diabetes mellitus type 1 - used to be called insulin-dependent diabetes (IDDM, 'diabetes insulin-dependent "), or diabetes of children, characterized by loss of insulin-producing beta cells in the islands of Langerhans of the pancreas, causing insulin deficiency in the body. This type of diabetes may be suffered by children and adults.

Until now, type 1 diabetes can not be prevented. Diet and exercise can not reverse or prevent type 1 diabetes. Most people with type 1 diabetes have a health and a good weight when the disease began to suffer. In addition, the sensitivity and response of the body to insulin is generally normal in this type of diabetes, especially in the early stages.

The cause of most of the loss of beta cells in type 1 diabetes is a mistake autoimunitas reaction that destroys pancreatic beta cells. Autoimunitas reaction can be triggered by an infection in the body.

Currently, only type 1 diabetes can be treated with insulin, with careful monitoring of blood glucose levels through blood testing monitors. Basic treatment of type 1 diabetes, even though the earliest stages, is replacement of insulin. Without insulin, ketosis and diabetic ketoacidosis can lead to coma and even death can result. Emphasis is also placed on lifestyle adjustments (diet and exercise). Apart from the common subcutaneous injections, also made possible the provision of insulin through a pump, which allows for the provision of inputs of insulin 24 hours a day at dose levels that have been determined, also possible dose (a bolus) of insulin as needed at meal times. Possible and also for providing inputs of insulin through a "inhaled powder".

Type 1 treatment must be continued indefinitely. Treatment does not impair normal activities, if sufficient awareness, appropriate care, and discipline in testing and medication is taken. Glucose levels on average for patients with type 1 diabetes should be as close as possible to the normal rate (80-120 mg / dl, 4-6 mmol / l). Some physicians suggest up to 140-150 mg / dl (7-7.5 mmol / l) for those with problems with a lower rate. such as "frequent hypoglycemic events". Values above 200 mg / dl (10 mmol / l) are often accompanied by discomfort and urinate too often leading to dehydration. Values above 300 mg / dl (15 mmol / l) usually require immediate treatment and can lead to ketoacidosis. The level of low blood glucose, called hypoglycemia, can lead to seizures or episodes of unconsciousness.